Before launching, pilots will call a weather service to find out about climate and wind conditions in an area.
Cautious pilots only fly when the weather is close to ideal -- when skies
are clear and wind conditions are normal. Storms are extremely hazardous for
hot air balloons, because of the danger of a lightning strike. Even rain is
a problem, because it decreases visibility and damages the balloon material
(of course, it's not much fun to fly around in wet weather anyway). And
while you need a nice wind current to have a good flight, very strong winds
could easily wreck the balloon.
Pilots also call the weather service to get a rough idea of which way the
balloon will travel, and how they should maneuver once they're in the air.
Additionally, a pilot might send up a piball (short for pilot balloon). A
piball is just a balloon filled with helium that the pilot releases to see
the exact direction of the wind at a prospective launch site. If it looks
like the wind would take the balloon into prohibited air space, the crew
needs to find a new launch spot.
In the air, the pilot will use an onboard altimeter, variometer and their
own observations to find the right altitude. Reaching the right altitude is
pretty tricky because there is at least a 30-second delay between blasting
the burners and the balloon actually lifting. Balloon pilots have to operate
the appropriate controls just a little bit before they want to rise, and
shut them off a little bit before they want to stop rising. Inexperienced
pilots often overshoot, rising too high before leveling off. Controlled
operation comes only with many hours of ballooning experience.
The pilot carries several instruments onboard the balloon.
Now that we've seen how a hot air balloon flies through the air, let's look
at the forces that make this possible. As it turns out, hot air balloons are
a remarkable demonstration of some of the most fundamental forces on earth
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